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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mathnas</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды Института математики НАН Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Institute of Mathematics of the NAS of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-5093</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт математики НАН Беларуси</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mathnas-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕЩЕСТВЕННЫЙ, КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REAL, COMPLEX AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение действительного пространства Харди-Соболева на прямой для нахождения наилучших рациональных приближений в $L_p$</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of the real Hardy-Sobolev space on the line for finding the best rational approximations in $L_p$</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мардвилко</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mardvilko</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mardvilko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мардвилко Т.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мардвилко Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mardvilko T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mathnas.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/41">https://mathnas.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/41</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа посвящена разработке методов действительного пространства Харди-Соболева на прямой для нахождения наилучших рациональных приближений в пространстве $L_p$. В основе рассмотренных методов лежит представление функции данного пространства суммой простых функций и применение интеграла типа Коши. Получены достаточные условия принадлежности функции рассматриваемому пространству и доказаны неравенства для оценки соответствующей $\sigma$-нормы. С помощью полученных результатов найдены точные порядковые оценки наилучших рациональных приближений некоторых функций. В частности, из полученных результатов следует известная оценка наилучших рациональных приближений функции ограниченной вариации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work is dedicated to developing methods of the real Hardy-Sobolev space on the line for finding the best rational approximations in the $L_p$ space. The methods considered are based on representing a function of this space as a sum of simple functions and the application of a Cauchy-type integral. Sufficient conditions for a function's membership in the considered space have been obtained and inequalities for assessing the corresponding $\sigma$-norm have been proven. Using the obtained results, exact order estimates of the best rational approximations of certain functions have been found. In particular, from the obtained results, the well-known estimate of the best rational approximations of a function of bounded variation follows.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пространство Харди</kwd><kwd>пространство Соболева</kwd><kwd>пространство Харди-Соболева</kwd><kwd>рациональная аппроксимация</kwd><kwd>$L_p$-приближения</kwd><kwd>функции ограниченной вариации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hardy space</kwd><kwd>Sobolev space</kwd><kwd>Hardy-Sobolev space</kwd><kwd>rational approximation</kwd><kwd>$L_p$-approximations</kwd><kwd>functions of bounded variation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке ГПНИ «Конвергенция–2025».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарнетт Дж. Ограниченные аналитические функции. 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